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 * Ernest Miller Hemingway by Paul Richards McKenzie**

Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. As a child and young adult he attended Oak Park and River Forest High School. After high school, Hemingway tried to join the Army because of the love of nature and adventure he had gained from his father. This love of hunting and sport became very evident in his literature, especially in //Death in the Afternoon//, a book about bullfighting. Because of an eye injury he was barred from military service but was allowed to Be an ambulance driver. The war and all that goes along with it heavily influence many of Hemingways novels and books. His first experience as a writer came as a journalist where he learned to write in a style that spoke volumes while being short on actual words. His first full length novel, //The Sun Also Rises,// was published in 1926 and its major theme was the so-called “Lost Generation,” a term coined by Hemingway’s close friend Gertrude Stein. It focuses on a group of disillusioned American casualties of the first World War. He published his novel //A Farewell to Arms// in 1929 and that was somewhat autobiographical in that the main character was also an ambulance driver during World War I. The majority of Hemingway’s stories center around a common theme of self reliance.. He draws upon his personal experiences for inspiration in his writing.

Hemingway did not have a single theoretical goal to accomplish, but rather through his rhetoric and satirical writing style he hoped to inspire others to differentiate themselves from his vices and misfortunes. Hemingway’s writing style is unique in the way that it draws from his years of journalism because he uses so few words but says so much. He felt that the experience of reading was taken away with over descriptions because it left nothing to the imagination. Though with no intent to do so, Hemingway undoubtedly influenced many authors to come. His stories of murder, bull fighting, hard drinking and womanizing certainly inspired a generation of young men that would characterize America for the generation to come.

When Hemingway published the first of his books and novels it was just after World War I and America was coming down from a war high. It also happened to be during a time in America where decadence was celebrated and his stories of alcohol and bull fighting fit well. His message of self dependency was well learned and applied during the 1930's and the Great Depression. Hemingway concentrated on the individual characters more than anything, especially in his book //For Whom the Bell Toll// in which there are only a few number of characters and a single location in which the story takes place. He changes what it means for a person to be a hero in the although the main character dies, he does so with grace and valor, fearless till the end. His next novels also portray the main character in a similar heroic light. Hemingway creates what some consider to be a perfect allegory for human life and what goes beyond that.

Annotated Bibliography

Stewart F. Sanderson. "Ernest (Miller) Hemingway." //DISCovering Authors//. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. //Student// //Resource Center// //- Gold//. Gale. Fuquay Varina High School/WCPS/. 22 May. 2008 <[|http://find.galegroup.com/srcx The article __Ernest (Miller) Hemingway__ is organized in an essay format that includes information about Ernest Hemingway’s background and important facts about his life. It then summarizes and praises nearly Hemingway’s entire catalogue of works, with notably absent criticism except in passing.

Linda W. Wagner "Criticism by Linda W. Wagner" //DISCovering Authors//. Online ed. Detroit: Gale, 2003. //Student// //Resource Center// //- Gold//. Gale. Fuquay Varina High School/WCPS/. 22 May. 2008 <[|http://find.galegroup.com/srcx</span]

This article focuses almost solely on Hemingway's //The Sun Also Rises//, his first full length novel. It goes in depth about the plot and characters of the book while helping the reader to understand the mentality that Hemingway had while he was writing. DeFrees, Allison. "A Clean, Well Lighted Place."__Beecham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults__. 2003.

Baker, Margaret. "The Old Man and The Sea."__DeFrees, Allison. "A Clean, Well Lighted Place."Beecham's Guide to Literature for Young Adults. 2003.__. 2003.

This encyclopedia article details one of Hemingway's most well regarded pieces of literature. It cites key sections of the book that give the reader a clear view of the overall plot.